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X's Terms of Service is built around a handful of intellectual-property clauses — most of the flagged keywords point back to the same few paragraphs, just captured in slightly different scrape-window crops. The core clause is the user Content license grant: by posting on X, a user gives X a "worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense)" to use, copy, reproduce, modify, and distribute their Content "for any purpose," with no compensation owed to the user. A second clause grants users a narrow, non-assignable license back to use X's own software/app. A third incorporates the Developer Agreement and Developer Policy for anyone using X's API, embeds, or developer features, and bars unauthorized reproduction/derivative-works/scraping of the Services or Content outside X's own interfaces. A fourth is the plain-English "key things to know" summary, which independently restates the no-scraping and IP-license points.

What this wiki found — complete, every page

Presence facts, not verdicts — each flagged term links to its definition and the exact clause on this page. Absence of a badge means the term isn't currently flagged here, not that the page is risk-free.

Independent reviews, where they had something to say

X – Terms of Service

Dataset: PGAv2 (Platform Governance Archive v2) — 25 platforms, 2022–2026

PGAv2 (Platform Governance Archive v2) is this wiki’s legacy dataset: pre-tagged JSONL records covering 25 major social-media, messaging, and content-sharing platforms, with risk scores and keywords assigned via systematic extraction of 1,736 high-risk clauses from each platform’s Terms of Service, Privacy Policies, and Community Guidelines, spanning 2022–2026.

Note: This page contains documented policy clauses. Risk assessment is qualitative and context-dependent. For analysis of patterns across platforms, see:

• AI Act Substance Matrix
• Tier Bifurcation
• Scraper Enforcement Gap
• Methodology

Source: sources/jsonl/X_Terms_of_Service.jsonl Last updated: 2026-01-16

Overview

X’s Terms of Service is built around a handful of intellectual-property clauses — most of the flagged keywords point back to the same few paragraphs, just captured in slightly different scrape-window crops. The core clause is the user Content license grant: by posting on X, a user gives X a “worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense)” to use, copy, reproduce, modify, and distribute their Content “for any purpose,” with no compensation owed to the user. A second clause grants users a narrow, non-assignable license back to use X’s own software/app. A third incorporates the Developer Agreement and Developer Policy for anyone using X’s API, embeds, or developer features, and bars unauthorized reproduction/derivative-works/scraping of the Services or Content outside X’s own interfaces. A fourth is the plain-English “key things to know” summary, which independently restates the no-scraping and IP-license points.

Two genuinely substantive edits were found across the 2024-02-21 → 2026-01-16 scrape window (both detailed in Changes Summary below): (1) 2024-10-17 — X added an explicit AI/ML-training right to the content-license clause, tightened the scrape ban to require “X’s express written permission,” relocated its registered DMCA/copyright-agent address from San Francisco to Bastrop, TX, and added a non-assignability sentence to the software-license clause. (2) 2025-12-17 — X broadened the license-grant trigger verbs from “submit, post or display” to “submit, input, create, generate, post, or display” Content (and added “including anything referenced therein” twice) — explicitly extending the same broad, royalty-free, sublicensable, uncompensated license to content a user inputs into or generates with X’s tools, not just content they post. The same scrape also renamed the copyright-reporting form from /forms/dmca to /forms/ipi, added a new clause about EU/UK obligations to enforce against content deemed “harmful” or “unsafe,” and expanded the trademark and paid/advertising-feature language. Everything else — including most of the “new snippets” the raw risk scores would suggest — is scraper window-size variation (the same ~4 paragraphs captured with slightly more or less surrounding text) or cosmetic link/rebrand updates, not new legal terms.

Flagged Keywords & Risks

• royalty-free, sublicense — Tag the core Content-license clause: a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable license over everything a user posts (and, since 2025-12-17, everything they input or generate), with explicit AI/ML-training rights since 2024-10-17 and no compensation to the user. Why it matters: this is the broadest, most consequential clause in the document — it is the legal basis for X using, redistributing, and training AI models on user Content, and it was actively broadened (not narrowed) over the tracked period.
• artificial intelligence, machine learning — The same content-license clause explicitly states the grant “includes… use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type.” Why it matters: this is a direct, first-party admission that posted (and, since 2025-12-17, input/generated) Content can be used to train X’s AI models, with no AI-specific opt-out shown in these snippets.
• derivative works, create derivative — From the “additional services” clause: reproducing, modifying, or creating derivative works of the Services or Content is barred unless done “through the interfaces and instructions we provide” or under the incorporated Developer Agreement/Policy. Why it matters: this clause restricts users’ and developers’ re-use of X Content/Services — it is a restriction X places on others, not a grant X takes from users, but it funnels all permitted reuse through X-controlled developer terms.
• assignable — The reciprocal “Your License to Use the Services” clause: X gives users a personal, non-assignable, revocable license to use the X software/app itself (not its Content). Why it matters: this is standard software-EULA boilerplate protecting X’s app from being resold or transferred — low risk on its own, but it sits right next to (and shares wording with) the much broader Content-license clause above, which is why the same paragraph windows get tagged with both keywords.
• scrape — The “key things to take away” summary states users “cannot scrape the Services” — strengthened since 2024-10-17 to “cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission.” Why it matters: this is the main anti-scraping clause in the ToS; the 2024-10-17 wording change makes clear that scraping is conditionally, not absolutely, prohibited (permission can in principle be granted), which matters for researchers, archivists, and competing AI labs alike.

Legal Context & Research Significance

Atkinson (2025) argues that a scraping prohibition becomes enforceable against a bot’s deployer once the bot has had actual notice of the terms it scraped past — exactly the posture created by X’s “cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission” clause, since any AI-training scraper crawling x.com necessarily passes through the page containing that prohibition. The same document’s royalty-free, sublicensable content license — broadened on 2025-12-17 to cover content a user “input[s], create[s], generate[s]” and explicitly extended to “training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models” with no compensation — falls under wearetosed’s “data sharing & selling” category, since it is the contractual basis for X’s own first-party AI training. The scraping clause and the content license sit side by side as two sides of the same “unilateral control” coin: X can update permission for scraping and the scope of its own license grant unilaterally, leaving users to consent to broadened terms after the fact.

Changes Summary

Version History

2024-02-21

• Explicit AI clause: NO
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape

Clause: royalty-free

• You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 1355 Market Street, Suite 900 San Francisco, CA 94103 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed (for clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating). This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to provide, promote, and improve the Services and to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals for the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable

You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 1355 Market Street, Suite 900 San Francisco, CA 94103 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed (for clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating). This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to provide, promote, and improve the Services and to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals for the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable

We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you.

Clause: derivative works, create derivative

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/twitter-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/twitter-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://developer.x.com/docs/authentication/guides/log-in-with-twitter), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you will have to agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms will then also become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/twitter-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/twitter-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://developer.x.com/docs/authentication/guides/log-in-with-twitter), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: scrape

You should read these Terms of Service (“Terms”) in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: * You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. * When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with this User Agreement, its incorporated policies, and all applicable laws. * You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services.

2024-10-17

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

Clause: royalty-free (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

• You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property.

Clause: royalty-free (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. * You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services.

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://developer.x.com/docs/authentication/guides/log-in-with-twitter), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you will have to agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms will then also become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-card), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://developer.x.com/docs/authentication/guides/log-in-with-twitter), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: assignable (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you. ### Misuse of the Services You also agree not to misuse the Services, for example, by interfering with them or accessing them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide.

Clause: scrape (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

You should read these Terms of Service (“Terms”) in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: * You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. * When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with this User Agreement, its incorporated policies, and all applicable laws. * You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services.

Clause: scrape (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

• When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with this User Agreement, its incorporated policies, and all applicable laws. * You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law.

Clause: artificial intelligence, machine learning (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media.

Clause: artificial intelligence, machine learning (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media.

2024-11-16

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape: narrower window than 2024-10-17 — same underlying paragraphs, fewer duplicate captures (not re-quoted).

artificial intelligence, machine learning unchanged from 2024-10-17.

2025-03-11

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning unchanged from 2024-11-16.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: [email protected] ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: [email protected] ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services.

2025-04-17

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

All clauses unchanged from 2025-03-11 (see above).

2025-05-09

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

royalty-free, sublicense, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning unchanged from 2025-04-17.

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you will have to agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms will then also become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms.html). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-card), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

2025-09-23

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

royalty-free, sublicense reverted to the 2024-11-16 wording (see above).

derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning unchanged from 2025-05-09.

2025-10-03

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

All clauses unchanged from 2025-09-23 (see above).

2025-12-17

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

Clause: royalty-free (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful Content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies, https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation#specific-violations, and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/ipi) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein.

Clause: royalty-free (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

You can control most communications from the Services. We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

Information regarding specific policies and the process for reporting or appealing violations can be found in our Help Center (https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies, https://help.x.com/rules-and-policies/x-report-violation, and https://help.x.com/managing-your-account/suspended-x-accounts). If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/ipi) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/ipi Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content, including anything referenced therein, you submit, input, create, generate, post, or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

We may need to provide you with certain communications, such as service announcements and administrative messages. These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or Twitter name or any of the X or Twitter trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights, and you may not do so without our express written consent. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property.

Clause: royalty-free (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law. You may be exposed to offensive or harmful content posted by other users. The Services may change from time to time, and we may limit or terminate availability of the Services or particular features to you or other users at any time. * You have remedies and redress mechanisms, but our liability is limited: You have a right to terminate this agreement at any time by deactivating your account and discontinuing use of the Services.

Clause: royalty-free, sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. However, if you have chosen via our features to limit the distribution of your Content to a restricted community, we will respect that choice. You also agree that this license includes the right to analyze text and other information you provide with the view to improve the Services. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use.

Clause: royalty-free, assignable (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

These communications are considered part of the Services and your account, and you may not be able to opt-out from receiving them. If you added your phone number to your account and you later change or deactivate that phone number, you must update your account information to help prevent us from communicating with anyone who acquires your old number. ### Your License to Use the Services We give you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable and non-exclusive license to use the software provided to you as part of the Services. This license cannot be assigned, gifted, sold, shared or transferred in any other manner to any other individual or entity without X’s express written consent. This license has the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services as provided on X, in the manner permitted by these Terms. The Services are protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the United States and other countries. Nothing in the Terms gives you a right to use the X name or any of the X trademarks, logos, domain names, other distinctive brand features, and other proprietary rights. All right, title, and interest in and to the Services (excluding Content provided by users) are and will remain our and our licensors’ exclusive property. Any feedback, comments, or suggestions you may provide regarding X, or the Services is entirely voluntary and we will be free to use such feedback, comments or suggestions as we see fit and without any obligation to you.

Clause: sublicense (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please report this by visiting our Copyright reporting form (https://help.x.com/forms/dmca) or contacting our designated copyright agent at: X Corp. Attn: Copyright Agent 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 Reports: https://help.x.com/forms/dmca Email: copyright@x.com ### Your Rights and Grant of Rights in the Content You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos and videos are considered part of the Content). By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services.

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you will have to agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms will then also become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features, products, or services of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms). If you use developer features, products, or services of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-card), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features, products, or services of the Services in any way, including but not limited to self-service and managed service offerings, you agree that your use of the advertising features, products, and services as well as your advertisements are subject to the terms of our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: derivative works, create derivative (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

By using or paying for any of these additional services, you will have to agree to any additional terms applicable to those services, and those additional terms will then also become part of our agreement with you. If any of the applicable additional terms conflict with these Terms, the additional terms will prevail while you are using those services to which they apply. If you use paid features of the Services, you agree to the applicable Terms for Paid Services (https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms). If you use developer features of the Services, including but not limited to X for Websites (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites), X Cards (https://developer.x.com/docs/x-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-card), Public API (https://developer.x.com/docs), or Sign in with X (https://docs.x.com/resources/fundamentals/authentication/guides/log-in-with-x), you agree to our Developer Agreement (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement) and Developer Policy (https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy). If you want to reproduce, modify, create derivative works, distribute, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly perform, transmit, or otherwise use the Services or Content on the Services, you must use the interfaces and instructions we provide, except as permitted through the Services, these Terms, or the terms provided on https://developer.x.com/developer-terms. Otherwise, all such actions are strictly prohibited. If you are a security researcher, you are required to comply with the rules of our Vulnerability Reporting Program (https://hackerone.com/x). The requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may not apply to those participating in our Vulnerability Reporting Program. If you use advertising features of the Services, you agree to our Master Services Agreement (https://ads.x.com/terms).

Clause: scrape (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

You should read these Terms in full, but here are a few key things you should take away: * You will see advertising on the platform: In exchange for accessing the Services, X and our third-party providers and partners may display advertising to you. * When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with the User Agreement, including all applicable policies and rules, and all applicable laws. * You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. Certain jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, also impose obligations on X to enforce against not only illegal content but also categories of content deemed by law to be “harmful” or “unsafe.” As a result, your Content or account may be subject to restrictions in those jurisdictions. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are intellectual property licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same.

Clause: scrape (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

• When posting Content and otherwise using the Services, you must comply with this User Agreement and Applicable Law: You are responsible for your use of the Services and your Content. You must comply with this User Agreement, its incorporated policies, and all applicable laws. * You must abide by the Services’ acceptable use terms: You may not access the Services in any way other than through the currently available, published interfaces that we provide. For example, this means that you cannot scrape the Services without X’s express written permission, try to work around any technical limitations we impose, or otherwise attempt to disrupt the operation of the Services. * We have broad enforcement rights: X reserves the right to take enforcement actions against you if you do violate these terms, such as, for example, removing your Content, limiting visibility, discontinuing your access to X, or taking legal action. We may also suspend or terminate your account for other reasons, such as prolonged inactivity, risk of legal exposure, or commercial inviability. * There are Intellectual Property Licenses in these Terms: You retain ownership and rights to any of your Content you post or share, and you provide us with a broad, royalty-free license to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. Conversely, we provide you a license to use the software we provide as part of the Services, such as the X mobile application, solely for the purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the Services. * Your use of the Services is at your own risk: We provide the Services on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis, and we disclaim all warranties, responsibility, and liability to you or others to the extent permitted by law.

Clause: artificial intelligence, machine learning (updated wording — see Changes Summary)

What’s yours is yours — you own your Content (and your incorporated audio, photos, and videos are considered part of the Content). In choosing to submit, input, create, generate, post, or display Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display, upload, download, and distribute such Content, including anything referenced therein, in any and all media or distribution methods now known or later developed, for any purpose. For clarity, these rights include, for example, curating, transforming, and translating. This license authorizes us to make your Content available to the rest of the world and to let others do the same. You agree that this license includes the right for us to (i) analyze text and other information you provide and to otherwise provide, promote, and improve the Services, including, for example, for use with and training of our machine learning and artificial intelligence models, whether generative or another type; and (ii) to make Content submitted to or through the Services available to other companies, organizations or individuals, including, for example, for improving the Services and the syndication, broadcast, distribution, repost, promotion or publication of such Content on other media and services, subject to our terms and conditions for such Content use. Such additional uses by us, or other companies, organizations or individuals, is made with no compensation paid to you with respect to the Content that you submit, post, transmit or otherwise make available through the Services as the use of the Services by you is hereby agreed as being sufficient compensation for the Content and grant of rights herein. We have an evolving set of rules for how ecosystem partners can interact with your Content on the Services. These rules exist to enable an open ecosystem with your rights in mind. You understand that we may modify or adapt your Content as it is distributed, syndicated, published, or broadcast by us and our partners and/or make changes to your Content in order to adapt the Content to different media.

2026-01-16

• Explicit AI clause: YES
• Non-explicit predatory: YES
• Flagged keywords: royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning

royalty-free, sublicense, derivative works, create derivative, assignable, scrape, artificial intelligence, machine learning: narrower window than 2025-12-17 — same underlying paragraphs, fewer duplicate captures (not re-quoted).